Physics Cheat Sheet
Your complete reference for first-year university physics. From mechanics and thermodynamics to electricity and optics — all the formulas and concepts you need to succeed.
Mechanics
12 topics
Kinematics in One Dimension
Motion in a straight line: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and the kinematic equations.
Kinematics in Two Dimensions
Projectile motion, relative velocity, and vector analysis of motion in a plane.
Newton's Laws of Motion
The three fundamental laws governing force, mass, and acceleration.
Friction
Static and kinetic friction, coefficients of friction, and applications.
Work and Energy
Work done by forces, kinetic and potential energy, and the work-energy theorem.
Power
Rate of energy transfer, mechanical power, and efficiency.
Momentum and Impulse
Linear momentum, impulse-momentum theorem, and conservation of momentum.
Collisions
Elastic and inelastic collisions, center of mass, and collision analysis.
Rotational Kinematics
Angular displacement, velocity, acceleration, and rotational motion equations.
Torque and Equilibrium
Torque, moment of inertia, rotational dynamics, and static equilibrium.
Angular Momentum
Angular momentum, conservation laws, and rotational kinetic energy.
Gravitation
Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational fields, orbits, and Kepler's laws.
Oscillations & Waves
4 topics
Simple Harmonic Motion
Springs, pendulums, period, frequency, and energy in oscillatory systems.
Wave Properties
Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, wave speed, and the wave equation.
Sound Waves
Sound propagation, intensity, decibels, resonance, and standing waves.
Doppler Effect
Frequency shifts due to relative motion of source and observer.
Thermodynamics
5 topics
Temperature and Heat
Temperature scales, heat capacity, specific heat, and calorimetry.
Thermal Expansion
Linear and volumetric expansion of solids, liquids, and gases.
Heat Transfer
Conduction, convection, radiation, and thermal resistance.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Internal energy, work, heat, and conservation of energy in thermal systems.
Second Law and Entropy
Entropy, heat engines, refrigerators, and the Carnot cycle.
Fluid Mechanics
3 topics
Pressure and Pascal's Law
Fluid pressure, Pascal's principle, and hydraulic systems.
Buoyancy
Archimedes' principle, buoyant force, and floating/sinking objects.
Fluid Dynamics
Continuity equation, Bernoulli's equation, and applications of fluid flow.
Electricity
6 topics
Electric Fields
Coulomb's law, electric field, field lines, and superposition.
Electric Potential
Electric potential energy, voltage, equipotential surfaces, and work.
Capacitance
Capacitors, capacitance, energy storage, and series/parallel combinations.
Current and Resistance
Electric current, Ohm's law, resistance, resistivity, and power dissipation.
DC Circuits
Series and parallel circuits, equivalent resistance, and circuit analysis.
Kirchhoff's Laws
Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws for complex circuit analysis.
Magnetism
3 topics
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