10 Essential Topics

Critical Thinking & Logic

Sharpen your reasoning skills with our complete guide to logic and argumentation. Identify fallacies, construct valid arguments, and avoid cognitive biases.

Fundamentals of Argument

Deductive Logic

Inductive Application

Fallacies & Biases

Fundamentals of Argument

2 topics

Argument Basics

Understanding premises, conclusions, and the structure of an argument.

Fundamentals of Argument

#01

Necessary vs. Sufficient

Distinguishing between conditions that are required and those that are enough.

Fundamentals of Argument

#09

Deductive Logic

3 topics

Deductive Reasoning

Logic where the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion (Validity & Soundness).

Deductive Logic

#02

Syllogisms

Classical form of deductive argument consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.

Deductive Logic

#04

Truth Tables

Using tables to determine the validity of propositional logic statements.

Deductive Logic

#08

Inductive Application

2 topics

Inductive Reasoning

Logic dealing with probability and strong/weak arguments based on patterns.

Inductive Application

#03

Abductive Reasoning

Inference to the best explanation; often used in science and diagnostics.

Inductive Application

#10

Fallacies & Biases

3 topics

Common Fallacies (Relevance)

Errors in reasoning including Ad Hominem, Straw Man, and Red Herring.

Fallacies & Biases

#05

Common Fallacies (Ambiguity)

Errors involving confusing language like Equivocation and Amphiboly.

Fallacies & Biases

#06

Cognitive Biases

Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment (e.g., Confirmation Bias).

Fallacies & Biases

#07

Think Clearer

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ArgumentsDeductionInductionFallacies