Fundamentals of ArgumentTopic #1 of 10

Argument Basics

Understanding premises, conclusions, and the structure of an argument.

An argument is not just a disagreement. In logic, an argument is a set of statements (premises) offered in support of another statement (the conclusion).

Structure

  1. Premise(s): Reasons, facts, or evidence supporting the claim.
  2. Inference: The logical move from premises to conclusion.
  3. Conclusion: The claim being supported.

Indicator Words

  • Premise Indicators: Because, since, for, given that, as indicated by...
  • Conclusion Indicators: Therefore, thus, hence, consequently, so, implies that...

Standard Form

To analyze an argument, list premises numbered and the conclusion last.

P1: All humans are mortal. P2: Socrates is a human. C: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.