Research SkillsTopic #5 of 10

Primary vs. Secondary Sources

Understanding the difference between original evidence and analysis/interpretation.

Primary Sources

Immediate, first-hand accounts of a topic, from people who had a direct connection with it.

  • Examples: Diaries, letters, speeches, photographs, raw data, original research reports, works of art, laws, court cases.

Secondary Sources

One step removed from primary sources. They cover the same topic but add a layer of interpretation and analysis.

  • Examples: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias.

Note: Whether a source is primary or secondary can depend on how you use it. A textbook is usually secondary, but if you are studying how history education has changed, old textbooks become primary sources.