The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is often used in history and some social sciences. It has two systems: "Notes and Bibliography" and "Author-Date".
Notes and Bibliography System
Common in history and humanities. Uses footnotes or endnotes.
Footnotes
- Indicated by a superscript number in the text.¹
- Citation appears at the bottom of the page.
- Format:
- First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number.
Bibliography
- List of all sources at the end.
- Format: Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Author-Date System
Similar to APA, used in sciences.
- In-Text: (Author Year, Page) -> (Smith 2010, 98)
- Reference List: Author, Year. Title...